Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI), sometimes referred to as analyzer-based imaging, is an emerging phase contrast X-ray imaging modality that generates exquisite soft tissue contrast at a vastly reduced absorbed radiation dose relative to absorption-based radiography for imaging applications, which include mammography and assessment of cartilage and lung damage. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the field of DEI. These include assessment of liver fibrosis, evaluation of the orientation and degree of anisotropy in bone microarchitecture, and assessment of emphysema. We will summarize the state of the clinical translation of DEI and discuss barriers to the clinical translation of DEI and potential ways to overcome these barriers.