Since the emergence of modern science, photosynthesis has been the focus of interest of many researchers because of its importance for all forms of life on this planet. In particular, remarkable progress has been made during the last two decades. Of special importance is the determination of the three-dimensional structures of key proteins in photosynthesis, such as Photosystem I, Photosystem II, and cytochrome b6f complexes by X-ray crystallography. These crystallographic studies provide useful information about the static structures of these biomolecules. On the other hand, the dynamic aspects of these biomolecules are equally important, which have been revealed by various other techniques such as biochemical assays, fluorescence spectroscopy, magnetic resonance studies, and so on. These successful research activities have collected an impressive amount of scientific knowledge, although there is still much debate on various important aspects, which are under active research right now. From the viewpoint of chemistry, the situation looks somewhat different. Although we may be able to understand the molecular system of natural photosynthesis, we are far from being able to re-construct it in our hands. The latter challenge is still too complex for today’s chemists. Nevertheless, building up artificial photosynthetic systems on the basis of our knowledge about natural photosynthesis is a worthwhile goal.