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</script>pmid: 22767405
The ancient view regarding breast cancer as a metastasis has not been supported so far by experimental evidence. We have implanted nephroblastoma tumor cells resulting in a rat metastatic kidney capsule-parathymic lymph node (PTN) model. India ink implantation confirmed the lymphatic connection between the primary tumor of the kidney and PTNs. (18)F-FDG glucose analog distribution provided further evidence that the first metastatic sites of distant tumor progression are PTNs. Tumor invasion caused disruptions in the tissue of the primary renal tumor, releasing cancer cells into the peritoneal cavity. Colloidal particles, among them bacteria and India ink, crossed transdiaphragmatic channels drained from the peritonel cavity to the thoracic lymphatics and entered not only in the parathymic lymph nodes but also in the anterior mammary lymph nodes. The kidney capsule-PTN complex is reflecting a so far unknown mechanism of tumor development and suggests a similar tumor progression directed towards mammary lymph nodes. The mammalian tumor model provides a reasonable explanation for breast cancer development viewed as a metastasis, rather than a primary tumor.
Lymphatic Metastasis, Animals, Drainage, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging
Lymphatic Metastasis, Animals, Drainage, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Staging
| citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 11 | |
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| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
