
The circular chromatic number of a graph is the infimum (in fact, the minimum) of \({k}/{d}\) where there is a coloring \(f\) of the vertices with colors \(1,2,\dots,k\) in such a way that \(d\leq | f(x)-f(y)| \leq k-d\) holds when \(x\), \(y\) are adjacent. Based on the notion of \(n\)-circular superedge, construtions are given for graphs with the chromatic number being equal to the circular chromatic number in the style of Hajós' method for constructing all \(n\)-chromatic graphs. This way, several new planar graphs are constructed, thus settling some earlier problems.
Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, chromatic number of graphs
Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs, chromatic number of graphs
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