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Journal of Cryptology
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
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Fiat–Shamir Bulletproofs are Non-malleable (in the Random Oracle Model)

Authors: Ganesh, C; Orlandi, C; Pancholi, M; Takahashi, A; Tschudi, D;

Fiat–Shamir Bulletproofs are Non-malleable (in the Random Oracle Model)

Abstract

Bulletproofs (Bünz et al., in: 2018 IEEE symposium on security and privacy, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 315–334, 2018) are a celebrated ZK proof system that allows for short and efficient proofs, and have been implemented and deployed in several real-world systems. In practice, they are most often implemented in their non-interactive version obtained using the Fiat–Shamir transform. A security proof for this setting is necessary for ruling out malleability attacks. These attacks can lead to very severe vulnerabilities, as they allow an adversary to forge proofs re-using or modifying parts of the proofs provided by the honest parties. An earlier version of this work (Ganesh et al., in: EUROCRYPT 2022, Part II. LNCS, vol 13276, Springer, Cham, pp 397–426, 2022) provided evidence for non-malleability of Fiat–Shamir Bulletproofs. This was done by proving simulation-extractability, which implies non-malleability, in the algebraic group model. In this work, we generalize the former result and prove simulation-extractability in the programmable random oracle model, removing the need for the algebraic group model. Along the way, we establish a generic chain of reductions for Fiat–Shamir-transformed multi-round public-coin proofs to be simulation-extractable in the (programmable) random oracle model, which may be of independent interest.

Country
India
Keywords

Bulletproofs, Non-interactive zero knowledge proof, Random oracle model, Simulation-extractability, Computer Science & Automation, 004, Non-malleability

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
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