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Starch hydrolysis by immobilized enzymes industrial applications

Authors: B. Solomon;

Starch hydrolysis by immobilized enzymes industrial applications

Abstract

1 Int roduct ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 2 Occurrence and Isolation o f Starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3 The Chemical Structure o f Starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 3.1 Amylose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 3.2 Amylopec t in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 3.3 Minor Cons t i tuents o f Starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 4 Enzymic Hydrolysis o f Starch by Soluble Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 4.1 Hydrolysis o f ~ ( l ~4) -D-Glucos id ie Linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 4.1.1 ~ A m y l a s e [(1 ~ 4)-c~-D-Glucan Glucanohydrolase] (E.C. 3.2.1.1) . . . . . . . 139 4.1.2 B-Amylase |wD-(1 ~ 4) Glucan Maltohydrolase] (E.C. 3.2.1.2) . . . . . . . . . 142 4.1.3 Glucoamylase [(0~-l,4-Glucan Glucohydrolase)] (E.C. 3.2.1.3) . . . . . . . . . . 144 4.2 Enzymic Degradation o f a(1 ~ 6)-D-Glucosidic Linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.2.1 R-Enzymes [(a-D-(1 ~ 4) (1 --* 6) Glucan 6 .Glucanonhydrolase)] (E.C. 3.2.19) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.2.2 Pullulanase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.2.3 Isoamylase [a-D-(l -~ 4) (I ~ 6)-Glucan 6 .Gluconohydrolase I . . . . . . . . . . 146 4.2.4 Amylo(1 ~ 6)-Glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 5 Industrial App l i ca t ions -Use o f Enzymes in the Conversion o f Starch to Glucose . . . . . . 146 6 Hydrolysis o f Starch by Immobil ized Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.1 Immobil ized E n z y m e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.2 E n z y m e Reactor Types, and the Appropria te Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6.3 Preparation and Applicat ions o f Immobil ized a-Amylase Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . 154 6.4 Immobil ized B-Amylase Preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 6.5 Preparation and Applicat ions o f Immobil ized Amyloglucosidase Derivatives . . . . . 163 6.6 Immobil ized Pullulanase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 6.7 Immobil ized Two E n z y m e System: B-Amylase and Pullulanase . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 7 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 8 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I72 9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
23
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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