We report here on gut contents in partial skeletons of the small pareiasaurParasaurus geinitzi and the archosauromorph reptileProtorosaurus speneri from the Kupferschiefer (Zechstein 1; Upper Permian) of the Richelsdorf Mountains (Hesse). They represent two of the stratigraphically oldest known records of gut contents in terrestrial tetrapods. The gut content of the partial skeleton ofParasaurus comprises a distinct mass of coarse clastic material with interspersed carbonized particles. The occurrence of numerous ovules of the coniferUllmannia frumentaria in the gastric content of the excellently preserved new specimen ofProtorosaurus confirms the suggestion of Weigelt (1930) that portions of this conifer formed part of the diet of this reptile. Surprisingly, the dentition ofProtorosaurus does not reflect this dietary specialization.