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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Il Nuovo Cimento Barrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Il Nuovo Cimento B
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Octonions and isospin

Authors: R. Penney;

Octonions and isospin

Abstract

The Cayley algebra or algebra of octonions is used to extract the square root of the classical Hamiltonian, in place of the Dirac-Clifford algebra. The resulting wave equation is linear and covariant and possesses a positive definite conserved probability density, and a Lagrangian. The wave function is an octonion, and may be represented as a pair of quaternions. The wave function then possesses an internal degree of freedom which corresponds to multiplication from theright by the Pauli matrices. Lorentz transformation of the wave function is effected byleft multiplication, which does not mix up isospin eigenstates. The wave equation seems appropriate for a dynamical description of an isospin doublet. The electromagnetic properties of the objects described by the wave function are those of a Dirac particle with the usual magnetic moment.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Average
Top 10%
Average
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