This study reveals that the incidence of typhoid fever is on the increase. From the published reports and case records it is observed that the defervescence period after chloramphenicol therapy in typhoid fever is becoming prologned. Twenty-eight Widal positive cases of typhoid fever in the pediatric age range were treated with Furazolidone, a new nitrofuran. Of these all cases, except one, which was complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis, responded well. The temperature returned to normal within 6 days on the average without any serious complications and there was a relapse in not more than two cases, (6.4 per cent.) and 100 per cent. recovery. The pharmacology, adverse effects and cost of Furazolidone are discussed.