HIV is an RNA virus that replicates intracellularly through various RNA intermediates. Several of these can be targeted by ribozymes (catalytic RNA molecules), and a number of investigators, including this group, have demonstrated the ability of ribozymes to suppress HIV replication in this way. It is argued that this gene therapy approach may be viewed as an adjunct to chemotherapeutic drugs, which may allow not just viral suppression, but also immune restoration. This can only finally be tested in clinical trials, and several are planned. The basic ribozyme unit, the potential of which was described less than 10 years ago, is about to be tested in an amunable disease state.