A review is given of the present knowledge of the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in Colombia. Search of the literature, discussions with veterinarians, and original observations have given information on the distribution and prevalence of the pathogenicTrypanosoma vivax and non-pathogenicT. theileri-like organisms.T. evansi infections of cattle may exist but were not detected. Improved methods of diagnosis forT. vivax are required to elucidate problems of: differentiating clinically similar diseases; the susceptibility of cattle relative to age; transmission; wild animal reservoirs, and economic importance. The indirect fluorescent antibody test is an important technique to this end.