Selected biochemical and physiological properties of skeletal muscle were studied in light of performance capabilities in 24 elite female track athletes. The feasibility of quantifying end point histochemistry and relating oxidative staining density (reduced nicotinomide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase: NADH-D) to whole body maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was also investigated, while muscle fiber types, classified according to alkaline APTase stains, were studied and related to muscle oxidative capacity (succinate dehydrogenase: SDH), VO2 max and "in vivo" torque-velocity properties. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of each subject and maximal knee extensor torques were recorded at 30 degrees from full extension at four selected velocities. While results confirm earlier reports on skeletal muscle properties and performance it was concluded that end point histochemistry could be reliably quantified and that an "oxidative" stain such as NADH-D correlates extremely well with VO2 max (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001) whereas correlations between % slow twitch fibres (Alkaline ATPase stain) and VO2 max were lower (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05). Additionally, as knee extension velocity increased from 0-1.7 rad x s-1 angle specific extensor torque production did not decline as observed in vitro and pentathletes displayed significantly larger torques at all velocities when compared to the other athletes. These data confirm that while myofibrillar ATPase staining correlates with force-velocity properties of muscle, VO2 max is better correlated with quantified oxidative staining.