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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Geofisica pura e app...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Geofisica pura e applicata
Article . 1959 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Further investigations of the fog in the photo-electric condensation nucleus counter

Authors: L. W. Pollak; A. L. Metnieks;

Further investigations of the fog in the photo-electric condensation nucleus counter

Abstract

The effect on extinction of isothermal distillation, shrinking of the droplets by evaporation without recondensation of the liberated water vapour, coagulation and differential settling of the fog droplets which take place in the fog of a photo-electric nucleus counter and which can produce a small additional extinction («creep») in the first seconds after its formation, were numerically examined. The relative contribution of each process to the total creep observed is assessed. It is found that isothermal distillation can produce amounts of creep (up to 1.70%) which exceed considerably those caused by evaporation or coagulation. The results of these computations explain the occurrence of creep with concentrations greater than approx. 25 000 nuclei/cm3 in fog-tubes of 3.85 cm air-column diameter. That the disappearance of creep in fog-tubes of diameters 2.5 cm and less is due to the accelerated heat-flow from the walls of the narrow fog-tube was previously proved by reducing appropriately the diameter of the light pencil through the fog. In order to meet the objection that by restricting the cross section of the light pencil the fine structure of the fog comes into play, the increase in the travel time of the heat from the walls was achieved this time by using a photo-electric counter with a fog-tube of 8 cm diameter and a light beam of 2.8 cm diameter as in the «Standard Counter 1946». As expected, creep was found in every single measurement up to readings of 53%. Typical examples of the galvanometer pointer-movement and photographic records of the extinction during fog formation in such a wide fog-tube for readings between approx. 10 and 76% are given and their peculiarities discussed. The extinction over the range from 175 000 to 20 000 nuclei/cm3 was also measured with a red and a blue monochromatic interference filter and the results contrasted against the computed extinctions for these two wave lengths. It was ascertained that for the same number of nuclei the extinction for red light is in general larger than that for blue; the difference between the observed extinctions varies considerably, becoming zero or even negative. The most striking feature, however, is the different course of the extinction for the two wave lengths as a function of the number or size of the droplets. The size of the fog droplets in the counter was deduced from the extinction measurements for these two wave lengths and by collecting the falling droplets on coated slides. The radius of the droplets obtained by the optical method varies from 1.81 to 3.19 μ when the extinction decreases from 86 to 56%. The radius of the droplets as deduced from gelatine coated slides dyed with Naphtol Green B increases from 1.44 μ at 67.4% extinction (42 400 nuclei/cm3) to 6.30 μ at 15.6% (858 nuclei/cm3).

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Average
Top 1%
Average
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