This report analyzes various aspects of contraception in Spain. One notable finding is the wide socioeconomic, cultural and health variation among regions. Since 1975 a significant drop in the birth rate has been observed overall. Twenty per cent of the women studied at risk of pregnancy are using oral contraceptives. The most widespread contraceptive method is still coitus interruptus, followed by oral contraception and the condom, as well as the rhythm method. The highest use of oral contraceptive and IUDs is seen in Catalonia (20% and 26% respectively) followed by Andalusia, Madrid and Valencia. Although contraception has only recently become legal in Spain, it is widely available either without charge or very inexpensively; all methods including abortion are available. At present, priority is given to special interest groups such as women in special circumstances, teenagers, etc. and to special programs like "Integrated Care for Women" which includes contraception, STD, pregnancy monitoring, early diagnosis of gynaecologic cancer and menopause.