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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Bulletin of Environm...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Article . 1979 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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An apparatus for the continuous generation of stock solutions of hydrophobic chemicals

Authors: W H, Gingerich; W K, Seim; R D, Schonbrod;

An apparatus for the continuous generation of stock solutions of hydrophobic chemicals

Abstract

A major technical difficulty associated with testing the toxicity to aquatic organisms of chemicals having low water solubility is the production of a stock solution of the chemical without the use of exogenous solubilizers or carriers. For highly toxic hydrophobic chemicals this problem has been approached by passing water through a column of chemical adsorbed to inert supports (CHADWICK & KIIGIMAGI 1968) o While this technique is somewhat effective, channelization of water in the column may lead to variation in the concentration of toxicant produced during long term exposure studies. VEITH & COMSTOCK (1975) reduced this variation by continuously recirculating the toxicant solution through the bed of substrate with a submersible pump. For many hydrophobic chemicals of moderate or low toxicity, the difficulties of producing a satisfactory stock solution are compounded by the fact that water concentrations of the chemical that are acutely toxic to fish may be near their limits of solubility~ Toxicity testing of these chemicals through continuous flow bioassay methods thus requires large volumes of stock solution of relatively high concentration. In addition, many toxicants are liquids at test temperatures and not amenable to application from a substrate bed.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Solutions, Chemistry, Indicators and Reagents

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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