AbstractWe present 7 cases of splenic abscess collected in our hospital from 1980 to 1988 as well as a review of 227 cases of the world literature. The signs and symptoms are nonspecific in all of them, fever being the most constant. Computed tomography scan followed by sonography were demonstrated to be the best methods of diagnosis. The treatment carried out on all of our patients was splenectomy followed by antibiotic coverage. Two of them died 15 days after the operation due to persistence of the septic state. In our review of the literature, we observe a rise in the population at risk for splenic abscess due to an increase in the use of immunosuppressive agents, to the higher survival of leukemic patients, and to the great incidence of drug abuse among others. Nevertheless, the advances in the use of sonography and computed tomography scan have made possible a more accurate diagnosis, therefore making possible an earlier treatment and a better prognosis. We believe that the treatment of choice is splenectomy with conservative treatment used only in specific cases where surgery represents a high risk for the patient.