AbstractThe contemporary status of microsurgical techniques in different pediatric surgical categories is summarized. Employment of microsurgical techniques permits autografts of jejunum to be used for esophageal replacement and vascularized bone grafts to be used for bridging defects in long bones. The same techniques improve overall results in creating vascular access for hemodialysis. Combined with temporary nephrectomy, extracorporeal hypothermic organ preservation, and autotransplantation, microsurgery makes possible repair of injured kidneys, partial nephrectomy for bilateral Wilm's tumor, and correction of renal vascular hypertension.Microsurgical techniques facilitate correction of hypospadia, thereby reducing the complication of fistulas. These methods make possible the reimplantation of an accidentally amputated extremity or a traumatically amputated testicle or penis. Vas deferens injured during herniorrhaphy can be repaired and intra‐abdominal testes can be relocated. Improved drainage for congenital lymphedema of the extremities and varicocele are possible. Remnants of hilar bile ducts can be more accurately identified in children with biliary atresia and may thereby improve the results of Kasai portoenterostomy operations.With the smaller size of organ structures in the pediatric age group, microsurgical techniques play an especially prominent increasing role in this particular population.