Between 1981 and 1986 Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from blood cultures, CSF, meconium/stools or external swabs from 18 newborn infants of two neonatal intensive care units (ICU) in adjacent pediatric clinics of Dresden. The epidemiological and clinical data of infants and their mothers, as well as microbiological and laboratory, x-ray, EEG and ultrasonic findings, are presented. All infants had an early onset of their disease. Cases were classified as granulomatosis infantiseptica (three cases), sepsis (three cases), meningitis (eight cases) and listerial infection without distinct organ manifestations (four cases), respectively. As far as the predominant symptoms at admission were concerned, no typical clinical signs of neonatal listeriosis could be evaluated. Cases with manifest clinical infections had an overall mortality rate of 21% (3/14) despite the immediate initiation of antibiotic therapy; at discharge, a further five patients showed neurological residuals. Serotyping and phagetyping have proved to be methods for recognition or exclusion of epidemiological relationships.