This paper outlines the relevance of the idea of rhythm to cultural anthropology, with specific suggestions for a medical anthropology of rhythm. By reconsidering the fluid nature of the concept of rhythm in ordinary language, the paper defines rhythm functionally in terms of a temporal order that anticipates, suspends and fulfills on the level of the visceral, physical, ecological, institutional as well as the moral. Although the paper identifies most explicitly the link between the bodily and social rhythm, it tries to suggest a cosmic background in the interaction of the social and bodily rhythms. The paper is divided into three parts: 1) the general problem of defining rhythm, 2) the concept of rhythm from its origin, and 3) the concept of rhythm in cultural theory since Durkheim. Further readings in particular reference to medical anthropology are often indicated in the notes.