Twenty-one consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) were compared with 29 consecutive open cholecystectomies (OC). Sickle-cell disease (SCD) was the most common reason for cholecystectomy in both groups. The average length of operative time for LC was significantly longer than that of OC (P=0.0149). In 1 patient there was conversion from LC to OC due to severe adhesions. Common bile duct (CBD) stones were diagnosed in 8 (27.6%) of the OC group; in 4 of them the diagnosis was made preoperatively by ultrasound, in 4 by intraoperative cholangiogram. All 8 patients required CBD exploration, and 2 had additional transduodenal sphincteroplasties. In the LC group 5 patients (23.8%) had CBD stones. All had (ERCP) endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy, and stone extraction followed by LC. ERCP is a necessary adjunct to treatment if LC is to be contemplated. Six patients in the OC group developed complications, while only 4 patients in the LC group developed minor complications. The length of hospitalization after LC was significantly shorter than after OC (P=0.0150). LC is the procedure of choice in the management of cholelithiasis in children, especially those with SCD.