Oral health is determined to a considerable extent by our ability to produce saliva. Not only must adequate amounts be produced, but a large number of specific proteins also must be secreted for the mouth to function properly. This brief review is directed at describing (1) how saliva is secreted, (2) the consequences of decreased salivary function, (3) the components necessary for oral homeostasis, and (4) the common causes of salivary hypofunction.