Rod-shaped BaTiO3 powder particles have been prepared from rod-shaped TiO2 ·nH2O and BaCO3 in molten chloride. The morphology of BaTiO3 particles was studied referring to the effects of the chemical species of the starting titanium compound, amount of chloride, particle size of the titanium compound and reaction conditions, and the preparation condition of rod-shaped BaTiO3 has been determined: i.e., large TiO2 ·nH2O particles were heated at 700°C in molten salt with an equal amount of BaTiO3. This condition was effective in suppressing the formation of BaTiO3 by a solution-precipitation process as well as the deformation of either TiO2 ·nH2O or BaTiO3, which are responsible for the formation of equiaxed BaTiO3 particles. The obtained rod-shaped BaTiO3 particles had a cubic symmetry. Electron diffraction analysis showed that the following topotactic relation is retained; 〈0 1 0〉potassium tetratitanate ∥ 〈0 1 0〉hydrated titania ∥ 〈1 0 0〉anatase ∥ 〈1 0 0〉barium titanate