Cumulative trauma disorders-which result from highly-repetitive job activities, sustained loads, and exposure to vibratory forces-are rapidly spreading through the industrialized world. As their prevalence increases, so do the economic and social consequences. This paper provides an overview of the problem to illustrate the fact that addressing the rising incidence of CTDs requires a multidisciplinary approach involving research and programmatic efforts directed on many fronts, most notably medicine, engineering, management, occupational health, and government. After a review of the diagnosis and treatment of cumulative trauma disorders is presented, the importance of ergonomic analysis for identifying workers at risk is discussed. Some prevention strategies currently being implemented in workplaces around the country are also described. Finally, we raise important industry and public policy issues which need to be confronted if the incidence of CTDs is to be reduced and costs of the workers' compensation system contained.