Measures of familial resemblance (spouse correlations, regressions of offspring on midparent, single-parent/single-child correlations, and sibling correlations) are presented for members of the two largest ethnic groups tested in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition. Median spouse correlations (corrected for differences in test reliability) for 15 individual tests of specific cognitive abilities are 0.15 and 0.12 for Americans of European and of Japanese ancestry, respectively. With regard to the regressions of offspring on midparent value, corresponding median values are 0.50 and 0.35. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses, as well as the ordering of single-parent/single-child and sibling correlations, provide no evidence to support the hypothesis that spatial ability is influenced by a sex-linked, recessive gene.