Toothpastes are multi-component-mixtures of different inorganic and organic compounds. Besides the mostly inorganic polishing agents they contain detergents as foaming agents, moisturizing components and solvents, water, sweetening agents, flavors, preservatives, thickening agents, dyes and special ingredients, the latter often in very low concentrations. Detailed publications about the general composition of toothpastes exist [1–4]. Ten years ago we [5] have already given a comprehensive scheme for the analysis of toothpastes. In the meantime the laboratory equipment and therefore possibilities for the analytical chemist have changed and a lot of new methods can be used so that it appears to be justified to give a new report about the matter. Especially the XF-methods for the detection and determination of metals are dealt with and the recently published HPLC methods for the separation and determination of surface active agents in toothpastes are treated. Chromatographic methods also have got great importance for the analysis of inorganic anions like phosphates, chlorides, sulfates etc. and of organic acids as well as for active agents which may possibly be used in toothpastes.