The latest reports on the anatomical and functional characteristics of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are evaluated. The high incidence of identification of the vomeronasal organ in normal individuals indicates that the vomeronasal organ in normal individuals indicates that the vomeronasal system is a universal feature of the adult human nasal cavity. Evaluation of the neuronal connections between this organ and the central nervous system shows that the VNO is a functional chemosensory system with sexually dimorphic specificity and the ability to transduce signals that modulate certain autonomic parameters. The presence of the VNO and its clinical significance must be considered by plastic surgeons during nasal operations.