Pulse labelled rDNA from cultured somatic cells of Xenopus laevis was examined by electron microscope autoradiography. The pattern of replication closely resembles that of bulk chromosomal DNA and differs considerably from rDNA synthesis during amplification in the oocyte. - About 0.15% of the rDNA molecules in the purified preparations were circular. The presence of interlocked circles of equal size indicates that the circles are not in vitro cyclization artefacts, but may represent free rRNA genes. A low frequency of circles was also seen in Xenopus blood rDNA. Their stability in high concentration of formamide suggests that they too did not arise after DNA extraction.