The determination of chromium by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), e.g. as performed for environmental matrices, is still a controversial matter as can be concluded from a literature review. Most controversy is due to the measurement conditions or the effect of the interferences; other conditions such as digestion seem to be less critical. Consequently, this paper reports a systematic study of the instrumental settings for the two flame modes that are most widely used: air-acetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene. In connection with the study of experimental conditions, possible interferences are investigated involving nineteen cations and some anions in different ratios Cr:interferent. Different releasers to overcome interferences are considered. The results are critically compared with current literature. For the operational conditions the quality parameters such as the linear range, detection limits, precision and accuracy are established. Although the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame is mostly recommended, this study reveals that a better choice can be the use of a fuel-rich air-acetylene flame with the addition of 1% 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) as protective agent. The method is applied to and validated by four sediment certified reference materials.