We encountered three cases of chronic functional colonic obstruction caused by intramural ganglion cell death. Morphologic and pharmacological studies were performed using resected specimens. The patients included a 59-year-old man, a 72-year-old woman, and a 28-year-old man. Barium enema studies revealed segmental stenosis in their left colon. A mecholyl test was positive in all three cases and was useful in diagnosing this disorder. Histopathologic and cytometric examinations disclosed both degeneration and the disappearance of intramural ganglion cells. The number of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was observed to increase in the muscle layers of the stenotic portion. In addition, the muscle of the affected region showed hypersensitivity to the muscarinic agonist (oxotremorine). These results seem to suggest that this disease is caused by a noncongenital injury to the intramural ganglion cells while the resulting stenosis is considered to reflect the degeneration of the ganglion cells. The etiology of ganglion cell death still remains to be clarified; however, we propose that patients with this disorder may represent a subset of patients with sporadic visceral neuropathy.