This paper examines some of the effects of technology on quality of life (QOL) that are suggested in the classical and more recent literature. It argues that confusion concerning the impact of technology is reduced by using a simple definition of it and by analysing its interrelationships with five other key variables of social structure with also influence QOL. It is argued that economic rationalism which produces mainstream technology and structure may prevent the maximisation of QOL because of their negative effects on health and the quality of relationships. In this case, the introduction of alternative technology and social structure requires a devaluation of material wealth and a more positive valuation of health and the quality of relationships.