The light-harvesting complexes of Photosystems I and II contain multiple chlorophyll-carotenoid-binding proteins. The stoichiometry and topology of the LHCs is precisely defined to optimally funnel captured light energy to the reaction center. The manner in which this exact arrangement is accomplished is not known. As an initial means to understand the mechanisms involved in establishing a functional LHC, the influence of light on LHC gene expression and protein accumulation was studied during the light-induced greening of etiolated wild type and chlorophyll b-less mutant barley seedlings. Light, involving phytochrome, promotes the expression of all LHC genes with the same relative kinetics. LHC protein accumulation closely parallels the increases observed in transcript levels. Differential accumulation of LHC transcripts or protein was not evident in wild type seedlings. Post-translational factors are likely to be involved in fine tuning the position and stoichiometry of the individual LHCs around the reaction center.