With limited time for training, simulation is becoming an essential element of modern surgical training to establish procedural competency. Whilst training tools and assessment methods are well-established in other urological procedures, there is a paucity of research and well-validated models for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) training. Various bench models as well as a select number of wet-lab and virtual reality models exist. Additionally, assessment tools are being developed for objective assessment of surgical competency in PCNL; however, these are in their infancy. It is recommended that urological trainees undergo training in PCNL in a modular fashion comprising progression from virtual reality models and bench models to wet-lab and cadaveric training, before moving on to modular operating room training and mastery of the procedure.