Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is used for the assessment of physique traits of athletes. Given the use of X-rays and thus exposure to radiation, specific training by a suitably accredited national organisation is required before dual energy X-ray absorptiometry can be operated, and consideration of the cumulative X-ray dose for athletes needs to be considered. Standardisation of subject presentation (euhydrated and glycogen replete, overnight fasted and in minimal clothing) and positioning on the scanning bed (centrally aligned in a standard position using custom-made positioning aids) and manipulation of the automatic segmentation of regional areas of the scan results are necessary. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry has established good clinical practice guidelines relating to the acquisition and analysis of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry data.