Bilateral oophorectomies, an integral part of en bloc excision of malignant ovarian tumor, acceptable to elderly women, can hardly be tolerated by young women for whom prolonged estrogen substitution therapy is necessary to overcome endocrine disturbance. Subcutaneous ovary allograft was advocated by some, but ischemia and rejection of the transplant made the positive result only temporary. Following the introduction of microsurgery, vascularized autograft of the fallopian tube and ovary succeeded in animal experiments. No successful case of ovary homograft has ever been reported clinically. A case of homologous vascularized ovary transplantation succeeded perfectly in 1979 in our clinic.