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Recent astronomical observations of recession of further and further galaxies and clusters of galaxies, estimates of masses of clusters of galaxies, studies of temperature anisotropics of cosmic microwave background radiation, and type Ia supernovae suggest that the universe is flat (Euclidean). However the geometry of space does not determine its shape, for example a 3 dimensional Euclidean space admits 18 different topologies. Here we present the basic observational data indicating that the universe is flat or almost flat. Possible compact (finite volume) topologies of 3D Euclidean space are presented and finally observations that could reveal the shape of the universe are discussed.
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 3 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |