
In recent years suspension cultures of plant cells have been used to produce many biochemicals, including perfumes, dyes, medicinals, and opiates. This technology is progressing rapidly because of its advantages in terms of simplicity and potential economics compared to extraction from natural plants. The first commercial process utilizing plant cell suspension culture appeared in the early 1980s, and additional processes appear to be near commercialization [1]. However, plant cells grow slowly in suspension culture and in general give very low product concentrations, which results in extremely low reactor productivity. In addition, they are very shear sensitive, making suspension culture difficult. These problems can be alleviated by cell immobilization [2] and continuous operation without cell washout can be performed by using immobilized cells.
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