The final chapter bridges over to health economics by introducing consumption and a budget constraint to the decision makers’ choice. This way a trade-off arises between enjoying health and consuming other goods, so that the extent of treatment and thus the potential improvement in the patient’s health becomes endogenous. We distinguish between health and health-survival models, where the latter capture both quality and quantity aspects of medical investments. After characterizing individual choices we analyze the allocation chosen by a social planner who maximizes ‘the greatest good of the greatest number’. We conclude the chapter by comparing the utilitarian solution to the allocation of medical investments based on the QALY model.