
The surface tension γ and the (specific) surface free energy σ of a crystal face with area A are related by γ = σ+ A•(dσ/dA) [1]. There is some confusion in the literature in properly using γ and σ; for a more recent discussion of the difference between σ and γ, see [2 to 4]. According to Kumikov and Khokonov [5], cracking, zero-creep, and field emission microscopy (FEM) studies yield values for the surface tension equal to the surface free energy, γ= σ. Inert gas bubble precipitation, grain boundary grooving, and scratch relaxation rate studies can be used to determine σ. Contact angle and multiphase equilibrium studies, on the other hand, yield γ values [5].
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