Today the main indication for ultrasound evaluation of the ovaries is the monitoring of follicular maturation. Vaginosonography also has a role in the evaluation of equivocal adnexal findings and in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses. It must be emphasized, however, that vaginosonography is a macroscopic examination technique, and that one should not be tempted to make a histologic diagnosis on the basis of sonographic findings. It should also be remembered that a sonographic diagnosis made by a gynecologist is influenced by the experience of the examiner and his knowledge of clinical findings and all other available studies. This is by no means unfortunate, because the gynecologic specialist should be able to make a better evaluation in these cases than the nonspecialist.