Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), an endemoepidemie disease of viral etiology, is geographically restricted to the central area of the Pampas, in the heart of the richest farmlands of Argentina. Unknown before the 1950s, its salient clinical features are hematologic and neurologic signs, including a febrile syndrome, together with varying degrees of cardiovascular, renal, and digestive alterations, first described in detail in 1955 (Arribalzaga 1955).