As mentioned above, the history of domestic IPR protection in the West could be traced back to as early as Roman law which offered “maker’s marks” legal protection. Contemporary international protection of intellectual property rights is based on an integrated international treaty framework, which goes back to the 1883 Paris Convention protecting industrial property and the 1886 Berne Convention protecting copyrights. The conclusion of the TRIPS Agreement marks its latest international effort. Under the TRIPS framework, protection of intellectual property has both domestic and international significance.