Different cytologic methods are frequently employed for diagnosis in lung lesions, as demand for less invasive procedures has increased. Fungal and viral organisms can be readily appreciated in both exfoliative and aspirated cytologic specimens. Cytopathologists play a vital role in the diagnosis of lung cancer as most of these neoplasms are diagnosed by small biopsies or cytology specimens. The need to report the precise histologic subtyping of the tumor has increased due to the selection of the targeted therapy for these patients. Molecular methods can be readily performed on cytologic specimens with accurate results.