
In Chap. 3, we discussed the statistical properties of an N-particle system treated within the framework of classical mechanics. In this chapter, we will take the more fundamental point of view that the particles and their interactions have to be described quantum mechanically. In quantum mechanics, the state of a system has to be described by a vector in a Hilbert space. If the quantum state is not known completely, one has to introduce the density operator, which contains information about the possible quantum states and their probabilities.
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