In several research areas, such as biology, chemistry, or material science, experimentation is complex, very expensive and time consuming, so an efficient plan of experimentation is essential to achieve good results and avoid unnecessary waste of resources. An accurate statistical design of the experiments is important also to tackle the uncertainty in the experimental results derived from systematic and random errors that frequently obscure the effects under investigation. In this chapter we will first present the essentials of designing experiments and then describe the evolutionary approach to design in high dimensional settings.