Liver and gallbladder diseases are two of the most common digestive system problems around the world [1]. In the United States, there are about 20.5 million people with gallbladder disease, with an estimated annual cost for medical care of more than 6.4 billion dollars [2]. Gallstones account for the majority of gallbladder problems. Women are affected two to three times as frequently as men [3]. Race, heredity, gender, age, and obesity are some of the important known risk factors for gallstones (Table 9.1.1). Between the ages 60 and 74, the prevalence of gallbladder disease is as high as 25.3% in men and 33.1%% in women (Table 9.1.2), and it is relatively more common among the Mexican Americans (Table 9.1.3). The highest rate among the Americans is found in the Pima Indians of Arizona [4]. By the teenage years, as many as 10–13% of Pima Indian girls develop lithogenic bile, and by 35–44 years, about 71% develop gallstones. Almost 90% of Pima Indian women over the age of 65 develop gallbladder disease, and the prevalence is much higher than in Pima Indian men.