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As we discussed in the previous chapter, primary cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere and produce fluxes of secondary, tertiary, etc. particles. All these particles together create a cascade, called an air shower. In principle, measurements of air shower particles can be interpreted in terms of the energy spectrum and the composition of the primary cosmic rays. The interpretation of these measurements requires one additional step — calculation of the fluxes generated by a cosmic ray nucleus of mass A, charge Z and energy E.
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |