Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue, or heart muscle, relies on blood supply from coronary arteries for oxygen and nutrient delivery. When the coronary arteries are narrowed, or blocked, restoration of blood flow is essential for preservation of heart tissue and avoidance of myocardial infarction (i.e., dead heart muscle). Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has long been the standard surgical treatment option for patients with CAD. The principle of the operation is to create a new route for nutrients and oxygen-rich blood to reach the heart muscle by using a conduit, either a vein or an artery. The most commonly used conduits are the internal mammary arteries or the great saphenous veins. In this chapter, we shed light on this important surgical technique, with emphases on its indications, outcomes, and complications. We also highlight some special considerations and discuss the emergence of new, less invasive techniques like minimally invasive bypass procedures, hybrid CABG, as well as the evolution of technology to include robotic techniques.