Through a historical epistemological reconstruction, this chapter elaborates the philosophical contexts in which these concepts have developed and have been utilized for ideological purposes. This chapter reconstructs the philosophical concepts of individuality and the individual, beginning with the early Greek atomists, covering the philosophies of Spinoza and Leibniz, the Scottish/English, French, and German philosophies of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and concluding with the theories of philosophers and sociologists such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Jurgen Habermas, Niklas Luhmann and Ulrich Beck. It demonstrates that the concept of the “undivided/individual” has always embraced a multiplicity of dimensions and layers in its historical development, which have tended to break its “unity” apart.