The climate change scenarios of Brazil, Ecuador and Argentina, in South America, are discussed in detail. The issues facing the three countries are significant and are particularly difficult for the developing economy of Ecuador. From flooding in Brazil and Argentina, to rising heat episodes in Ecuador, the national and local governments are facing demands for action. Fortunately, adaption and mitigation strategies are increasing apace, thus bringing more hope to affected communities. The eco-rich Amazon is increasingly under threat from climate change and symbolizes the dramatic environmental threats that Brazil must address.