The introduction to this chapter considers the diversity of religious ‘practice’ between individuals, within and between communities and social milieu, over space and across time. Section 7.2 enters into the sociology of religion by considering Religious Practice within Social Elites and examining (re-)Christianization as one response to revolution and social change. Religious faith offered consolation in moments of crisis; the public display of faith provided a means of reinforcing social status and legitimizing hierarchical relationships. Religion also confirmed the importance of gendered sub-cultures. Section 7.3 focuses on Popular Religion and considers the ways in which the cultural revolution associated with socio-economic and political transformation affected religious sensibilities in both rural and urban France. If ‘de-christianization’ does not appear to be the appropriate label for these developments, detachment was certainly under way, even as the clergy and Catholic laity searched for ways of stimulating popular religiosity and countering the rise of anti-clericalism.